What you need to know about ADHD

A Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a neurological condition that affects many people in Portugal and in the world. Often diagnosed in childhood, it can persist into adulthood, affecting several areas of life.

In this article, we will explore what PHDA is, its symptoms, how to diagnose the condition and available treatments.

PHDA: What is it?

PHDA is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by symptoms of inattention, hyperactivityand/or impulsivity.

These symptoms can vary in intensity and manifest in different ways, affecting the individual's ability to function properly in various day-to-day situations.

The diagnosis of PHDA can be made at any age, although signs often appear in childhood.

What is the difference between ADHD and PHDA?

In Portugal, we often use the acronym PHDA, while in other countries, such as Brazil, the use of ADHD (Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder) is more common. Essentially, ADHD and PHDA refer to the same condition, which is just a variation of terminology.

📌 You can also find the acronym ADHD, from English Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder.

PHDA: Symptoms and Diagnosis

As mentioned above, the symptoms of PHDA can be divided into 3 main categories: inattention, hyperactivity and impulsivity.

According to the predominant symptoms, PHDA is classified into 3 subtypes:

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💡 Curiosity: The “Combined” subtype is the most common type of PHDA.

Although the symptoms are basically the same for childrene adults, we can identify them in different tasks!

See below some examples:

PHDA in children

• Symptoms of Neglect: Difficulty paying attention at school, forgetting homework, losing objects frequently.
• Symptoms of Hyperactivity: Constant restlessness, difficulty sitting during class, running or climbing on furniture excessively.
• Symptoms of Impulsivity: Interrupting conversations, difficulty waiting for your turn, acting without thinking about the consequences.

PHDA in adults

• Symptoms of Neglect: Difficulty concentrating on tasks, forgetting commitments and meetings, disorganization at work.
• Symptoms of Hyperactivity: Feeling restless (“hyperactive mind”), difficulty relaxing, talking excessively.
• Symptoms of Impulsivity: Making hasty decisions, difficulty waiting in turn, frequent interruptions in conversations.

How do I know if I have PHDA?

If you suspect you may have PHDA, it is important to seek a specialized health professional to conduct a comprehensive evaluation, which usually includes clinical interviews, questionnaires, and cognitive tests.

Some common signs that may indicate the presence of PHDA include persistent attention difficulties and concentration, impulsive behaviors and hyperactivitythat interfere with daily life.

⚠️ Attention: this last detail is very important! After all, we all have moments of inattention or difficulty concentrating, without necessarily having PHDA. In other words, this disorder should be suspected when symptoms catch the routine.

PHDA: Treatment

Treatment for PHDA may include combination of approaches, depending on the age of the individual:

• Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy:Helps develop skills to manage symptoms and improve daily functioning.
• Educational Interventions: For children, adaptations in the school environment can be essential for academic success.
• Medication:Psychostimulants and other medicines (prescribed by a doctor) may help control symptoms.
• Neurofeedback:A brain training technique that has shown benefits in cases of PHDA.

PHDA is a condition that can have a significant impact on individuals' lives, but with proper diagnosis and treatment, it is possible to manage symptoms effectively.

If you suspect that you or your child may have PHDA, see a health professional to get an evaluation and explore treatment options.

👉 See also our article on 10 myths and facts about PHDA!

References

Wolraich, M. L., Hagan, J. F. Jr, Allan, C., Chan, E., Davison, D., Earls, M.,... & Zurhellen, W. (2019). Clinical Practice Guideline for the Diagnosis, Evaluation, and Treatment of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder in Children and Adolescents. Pediatrics, 144(4), e20192528. Erratum in: Pediatrics, 145(3). doi:10.1542/peds.2019-2528.

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2023). Dermankirina ADHD| Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD).

American Psychiatric Association. (2022). Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders(5th ed., text revision). Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Association. doi:10.1176/appi.books.9780890425787.

National Institute of Mental Health. (2023). Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder.

Enriquez-Geppert, S., Smith, D., Pimenta, M. G. et al. Neurofeedback as a Treatment Intervention in ADHD: Current Evidence and Practice.Curr Psychiatry Rep 21, 46 (2019). doi: 10.1007/s11920-019-1021-4.

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